Faculty Competencies: Anti-Racism (and Other Forms of Oppression)
The Anti-Racism page is one of the seven domains of the Faculty Competencies resource. This domain includes three competencies and 14 behaviors.
The STFM Faculty Competencies Steering Committee and other contributors created the STFM Faculty Competencies, which describes the skills faculty need to effectively educate medical students and residents.The Faculty Competencies is broken down into seven categories ("domains"). Each domain consists of sub-categories ("competencies"), and each competency has several behaviors or skill targets for faculty to attain.
Anti-Racism Competencies
Domain 6, Anti-Racism, consists of three competencies (authors in parenthesis):
- Institutionalized Racism (Ellen Tattelman, MD, and Tanya White-Davis, PsyD)
- Personally Mediated Racism (Ellen Tattelman, MD, and Tanya White-Davis, PsyD)
- Internalized Racism (Tanya White-Davis, PsyD, Ellen Tattelman, MD, and Vicki Hardy, DO)
The behaviors for each competency are below, ranging in increasing skill level from Level A to Level D.
Institutionalized Racism
Authors: Ellen Tattelman, MD, and Tanya White-Davis, PsyD
Level A
- Recognizes and acknowledges how racism is embedded in institutional structures
Level B
- Acknowledges the history of systemic racism in institutional policies and procedures and identifies areas of change needed to address structural racism
Level C
- Actively collaborates to address structural racism by changing organizational systems that perpetuate racial inequity and injustice
Level D
- Works collaboratively within and outside the organization to change institutional structures to dismantle racist policies and procedures and to address equitable access to power
- Demonstrates improved metrics resulting from proactive interventions to reduce or eliminate institutionalized racism
Resources
From Camara Jones, MD, MPH, PhD. Allegories on race and racism - TEDxEmory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNhcY6fTyBM.
Confronting Racism Denial: Naming Racism and Moving to Action.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pat84MRlB6I.
Jones, CP. (2000). Levels of Racism: A Theoretic Framework and a Gardener's Tale. Am J Public Health. 90, 1212-1215.
Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, eds. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 2003.
https://www.aamc.org/news/racism-and-health-reading-list.
Dear White People. Krys E. Foster, Christina N. Johnson, Diana N. Carvajal, Cleveland Piggott, Kristin Reavis, Jennifer Y. C. Edgoose, Tricia C. Elliott, Marji Gold, José E. Rodríguez and Judy C. Washington. The Annals of Family Medicine January 2021, 19 (1) 66-69; doi: https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2634.
Personally Mediated Racism
Authors: Ellen Tattelman, MD, and Tanya White-Davis, PsyD
Level A
- Identifies personally mediated racism in others
- Recognizes that personally mediated racism can be intentional or unintentional and can be manifest through acts of commission or omission
Level B
- Identifies personally mediated racism in one’s individual behavior
- Articulates the concepts of intent vs impact in communication
Level C
- Openly acknowledges when one’s own intent does not match the impact of their behavior
- Actively addresses the impact of one’s own behavior
- Commits to allyship and its behaviors
Level D
- Leads others to acknowledge when intent does not match the impact
- Leads others to work to repair the unintended impact
- Works in solidarity with oppressed groups in the struggle for justice
Resources
https://www.healthline.com/health/intent-vs-impact.
Six ways to get a grip by calling-out racism and enacting allyship in medical education. Sonnenberg LK, Do V, LeBlanc C, Busari JO. Can Med Educ J. 2021 Sep 14;12(4):111-115.
Bound Together: Allyship in the Art of Medicine. Danielle Ellis. Ann Surg. 2021 Aug
1;274(2):e187-e188.
Internalized Racism
Authors: Tanya White-Davis, PsyD, Ellen Tattelman, MD, and Vicki Hardy, DO
Level A
- Defines the concepts of internalized racial superiority and internalized racial oppression
- Recognizes that internalized processes are often unconscious and can be reduced if not eliminated
Level B
- Reflects on and acknowledges personal relationship with these concepts
- Acknowledges the impact of internalized systems of privilege, stigmatization, and power on one’s own beliefs, thoughts, language, and behaviors
Level C
- Advocates for dismantling racialized hierarchies
- Promotes the awareness and analysis of internalized processes in one’s self and others
- Prioritizes and centers disempowered and actively excluded voices
Level D
- Supports and/or leads collective action to disrupt systems of unearned privilege and disempowerment
- Mentors others in disrupting systems of unearned privilege and disempowerment
Resources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QFCcChCSMU
Corsino L, Railey K, Brooks K, Ostrovsky D, Pinheiro SO, McGhan-Johnson A, Padilla BI. The Impact of Racial Bias in Patient Care and Medical Education: Let's Focus on the Educator. MedEdPORTAL. 2021;17:11183. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11183.
Wilkins KM, Goldenberg MN, Cyrus KD. ERASE-ing Patient Mistreatment of Trainees: Faculty Workshop. MedEdPORTAL. 2019;15:10865. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10865.
Emery EH, Shaffer JD, McCormick D, Zeidman J, Geffen SR, Stojicic P, Ganz M, Basu G. Preparing Doctors in Training for Health Activist Roles: A Cross-Institutional Community Organizing Workshop for Incoming Medical Residents. MedEdPORTAL. 2022;18:11208. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11208.
